Crystals
You are here --- http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/first_light_case/horn/MSI/crystals/crystalsmsi.html
updated September 3, 2003

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AAAS Science NetLinks Sites

Smithsonian Mineral Sciences Collection

Applications of Crystals

Molecules of the month (Journal of Chemical Education Online)

• States of Matter (Solid, liquid, gas) USC Chemweb pure substances, mixtures, different forms
• The Atomic Structure of Materials (an NSTA SciLinks recommended site)
• Molecular Models (where our models were purchased)
• Salt, Sugar (sucrose) Crystal/atomic structure of Salt and Sucrose
• Salt dissolving in water (USC Chemweb)
• Monosaccharide Browser: See how the composition can be the same but structure is different
• Watch crystals dissolve and grow using a dissecting microscope
• Atomic orbitals and chemical bonding
• Using the IntelPlay QX3 microscope and click here for an online simulator for using the microscope
• View crystal growth using a dissecting microscope
• Symmetry and crystals
• Build crystal forms. Building crystals with unit cells (images). Sol LeWitt's sculpture, Four-Sided Pyramid, on the National Mall
• Crystals of proteins (see Crystals in Space-below)
• Structures of amino acids (Need Netscape 4.8 browser and CHIME)
• Regularity of crystals
• Wallpaper and unit cells (Use geometer's sketchpad)
• Platonic solids
• Optical illusions from tiles. Tilings.
• MC ESCHER web site of tessellations, etc.
• Primer on snow crystals (fun) http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/snowcrystals/primer/primer.htm
• Morphogenesis on Ice: The Physics of Snow Crystals http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/EandS/archives/LXIV_1.html
• Growth of snowflakes http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/publist/greens.pdf
• Polarized light and crystal viewing simulator
• Reciprocal Net (data for all kinds of crystal structures--mineral, material and biological)
  • SYMMETRY ELEMENTS and POINT GROUPS (a learning module)
• Crystals lesson (making rock salt) from Carolina Biologicals

Molecular Models

• Indigo.com MolyMod sets
• Orbit sets (atom centers) from Boreal ( supplier of middle school science adopted materials) Giant set (many small pieces only $90.00), Styrofoam Model kit ($20), Advanced set drilled wooden balls
• Prentice Hall college level ($40)
• Aldrich (MolyMod) shows what's inside
• Sargent Welch

• How and where do minerals form?
• Minerals are natural substances
• Minerals in your home. Composition and care (at home) of selected semi-precious gemstones
• There are many different minerals
• Gemstones may be natural or artificial description of various artificial gems
• Composition and properties of emerald, beryl, aquamarine, morganite, heliadore and here
• Composition of topaz
• Silicates
• Minerals that lack crystal lattice structure
• MORE

http://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/def_en/kap_1/basics/b1_3_1.html

http://www.physics.uiuc.edu/research/ElectronicStructure/389/pdf/389-lec3.pdf

Salt

• Rock Salt

Protein Crystals in Space program --- Marshall Space Flight Center, University of California, Irvine and NASA

http://spacecrystal.nasa.gov/	http://florida-protein-crystals-in-space.org/	http://science.nasa.gov/msl1/pcg_why.htm
http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/msad/pcg/ Sodium acetate buffer(JCEsubscription)	http://www-structure.llnl.gov/Xray/tutorial/Crystal_sym.htm	Build a wire model of a protein from its crystal structure

Crystal Structure and scientists

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (Nobel Prize Winner, 1964 for X-ray analysis of natural products including penicillin and vitamin B12). In her Nobel Prize speech she tells that her interest in X-Rays and crystals started at age 10! History		Stephen Mayo (Caltech) experimentally changes protein sequence to determine effects on protein folding and structure. Molecules of the month, penicillin and B12
Rosalind Franklin's X-Ray image of DNA		Protein X-Ray diffraction image X-Ray crystallography apparatus

• die-cast structures http://www.peda.com/models/
• building in 3D http://www.molecularuniverse.com/Building_In_3D/bld1.htm
• http://www.feic.com/support/tem/whatare.htm
• http://www.crystalresearch.com/crt/ab36/379_a.pdf
• http://www.people.virginia.edu/~fac6q/11_04_06.pdf
• 6 axes of crystals in space http://webmineral.com/crystall.shtml
• http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol211/introsymmetry.htm
• http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol211/proplight.htm
• http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol211/32crstalclass.htm
• http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol211/crystal_chemistry.htm
• http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/symmetry/2dspcgrp.htm
• http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/symmetry/symmetry.htm includes tilings and polyhedra
• reciprocal lattice calculator (javascript) http://www-sphys.unil.ch/x-ray/rlattice/index.html

using a compound microscope (what the letter "e" looks like http://members.tripod.com/chetsuze/microscopes/fieldov.htm

Growing salt crystals http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/quick/hyperchem/saltcrystals.html

Science Explorer Links